{"id":14322,"date":"2014-12-27T21:35:11","date_gmt":"2014-12-28T02:35:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bocskairadio.org\/?p=14322"},"modified":"2014-12-27T21:40:04","modified_gmt":"2014-12-28T02:40:04","slug":"romania-re-confiscates-hungarian-minority-school-persecutes-ethnic-hungarian-official-fabricated-charges","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bocskairadio.org\/en\/romania-re-confiscates-hungarian-minority-school-persecutes-ethnic-hungarian-official-fabricated-charges\/","title":{"rendered":"Romania Re-Confiscates Hungarian Minority School, Persecutes Ethnic Hungarian Official on Fabricated Charges"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ignoring Decades of U.S. Congressional and Administration Appeals for \u201cEquitable, Prompt, and Fair\u201d Restitution\u00a0Romania Re-Confiscates Hungarian Minority School, Persecutes Ethnic Hungarian Official on Fabricated Charges<\/h3>\n

In a scandalous disregard for the rule of law, as well as religious and minority rights, on November 26, a Romanian appellate court re-nationalized a Hungarian denominational high school in Sepsiszentgy\u00f6rgy (Sf\u00e2ntu Gheorghe) built by the Hungarian Reformed Church in 1873 and confiscated in 1948 by the communist regime. Concurrently, the same Ploiesti Court of Appeals upheld three-year, suspended prison sentences for Attila Mark\u00f3<\/b>, Tam\u00e1s Maros\u00e1n<\/b> and Silviu Clim<\/b> for their 2002 lawful decision, in their official capacity as members of the Special Committee on Church Property Restitution, to restore this property to the aforementioned rightful owner.<\/p>\n

\"Miko_kollegium\"<\/a><\/p>\n

In this last of 25 postponements and show trials<\/a> begun in 2010, the Romanian court has now imposed the final ruling<\/a> that the Hungarian Reformed Church \u2014 which undisputedly established the school in 1859 \u2014 has no legal right to its property, never owned the property, and must hand the building complex \u2014 for which it incidentally spent $700,000 on restoration \u2014 over to \u201cthe people,\u201d i.e., the state. The ruling only suspends the three officials\u2019 prison sentences for their alleged offenses, which remain on their criminal records. At the same time, under the ruling, the state will magnanimously \u201cforgive\u201d the Church a fine of $322,000 for\u201cillegally using the building during the last 12 years since restitution.\u201d<\/i><\/p>\n

The state actions, occurring on the heels of the Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania resignation <\/a>from the governing coalition lead by Prime Minister Victor Ponta<\/b>, have provoked wide-spread protest and universal condemnation by all segments of Romania\u2019s 1.4 million strong Hungarian community. Exhausting all appeals, there is no remaining domestic legal recourse, only international pressure, for the Church and the three individual victims. Bishop B\u00e9la Kat\u00f3<\/b> of the Hungarian Reformed Church told HHRF that, as \u201cRomania is not governed by the rule of law,\u201d<\/i> he is ready to take the matter to the European Court of Human Rights, although the outcome is highly dubious.<\/p>\n

Four Years of Harassment and Persecution<\/b><\/p>\n

The latest chapter in the 66 years of miscarriage of justice this school has suffered began on De-cember 22, 2010, when Attila Mark\u00f3, Tam\u00e1s Maros\u00e1n and Silviu Clim were charged by the Romanian Anti-Corruption Prosecutor with \u201cofficial abuse of power\u201d<\/i>and \u201cdamaging the interests of the Romanian State\u201d<\/i> for their 2002 decision to restore the property to its rightful owner. Consequently, the Hungarian Reformed Church faced losing the school and was also fined 1.1 million lei in damages.<\/p>\n

In deciding to prosecute, and during the subsequent trials, the state deliberately ignored documentary evidence submitted by the defendants and the Church that irrefutably substantiated the rightful owner\u2019s claim of original ownership and should have cleared the Special Committee members of any wrongdoing. The legitimate question arises: Why?<\/p>\n

The True Crime: In 25 Years, Less than 1\/3 of Church Properties Have Been Restored<\/b><\/p>\n

By processing, let alone actually returning use of, a mere one-third (2,400 of 7,568<\/a>) of all religious property claims in the past 25 years<\/b>, it is the Romanian government that has committed gross negligence and exhibited systemic contempt for private property, the freedom of religion, civil society and, in particular, minority communities. The cost for the entire country has been incalculable as successive Romanian governments have impeded the country\u2019s full democratization by delaying and obstructing the restitution process with impunity, all so that the state could retain these properties as long as possible.<\/p>\n

The failure to nominally return to the four historic Hungarian churches (Roman Catholic, Hungarian Reformed, Lutheran and Unitarian) only 1,204 of their 2,140<\/a> schools, hospitals, orphanages and other humanitarian institutions confiscated between 1945 and 1989 has directly and irrevocably damaged the 1.4 million-strong minority, the country\u2019s largest. For an entire generation <\/i>, these Churches have been unable to fully carry out their charitable missions, serve their communities, and provide the traditional pillars of civic society they maintained for centuries.<\/p>\n

To deflect attention away from this ongoing travesty of justice, the Romanian state has not refrained from turning the victim into the violator: burdening the innocent with criminal records because they faithfully carried out the law, and branding the Hungarian Reformed Church a liar and thief for submitting \u201cfalse restitution claims.\u201d<\/p>\n

Will the Romanian Authorities File Suit against Each Restitution Decision?<\/b><\/p>\n

Bishop B\u00e9la Kat\u00f3\u2019s prophetic words back in December 2010 that\u201cthe lawsuit may give birth to a dangerous legal precedent, leading to other instances of re-nationalization of already restituted church properties,\u201d <\/i>is poised to become a reality. A legal precedent has been set by the November 26 ruling which was predicated on the State Prosecutor\u2019s false allegation that the Sz\u00e9kely Mik\u00f3 High School was somehow a separate legal entity because in the 1870s the local Protestant congregation made small donations to its construction, with the significant costs of construction born by Tran-sylvania\u2019s Governor at the time, the Hungarian Imre Mik\u00f3. The institution was given legal title under the protectorate of the Hungarian Reformed Church, a centuries-old tradition even at the time. Since the same legal procedures were followed in other localities to establish schools, the state will presumably not stop at attacking only one restitution decision but will seek to renationalize other buildings it has already restored to all the denominations.<\/p>\n

This is provided that the restitution process limps forward at all. From 2010 until July 2013, the Special Committee \u2013 composed of five newer members \u2013 failed to even convene to process claims. Since then, it meets about quarterly, provided a quorum of four is present. As dismal a record as this is, now, with the unjustified criminal sentencing of former members, can they be expected to make any decisions at all without fear of retribution?<\/p>\n

Ignoring Decades of U.S. Congressional and Administration Appeals for \u201cEquitable, Prompt, and Fair\u201d Restitution<\/b><\/p>\n

On May 22, 2014, eight Members of Congress sent a follow-up letter<\/a> to Secretary of State John Kerry, asking that the State Department continue to \u201ccarefully follow developments in the cases regarding ownership of the Sz\u00e9kely Mik\u00f3 Reformed School and the legal proceedings against Attila Mark\u00f3, Tam\u00e1s Maros\u00e1n and Silviu Clim.\u201d<\/i> In a prior, June 13, 2013 bipartisan letter<\/a>, 21 Members had requested that, among others, Mr. Kerry \u201cvigorously engage the Romanian government to end the travesty of justice it has perpetuated by fully restituting properties illegally confiscated,\u201d \u201cprotest the latest church property restitution law\u201d<\/i>which was a regression even compared to the flawed 2002 one, and to carefully follow the case of the Sz\u00e9kely Mik\u00f3 High School.<\/p>\n

The State Department\u2019s response<\/a> of July 9, 2013 underscored that property restitution in Romania is a \u201ckey priority\u201d<\/b><\/i> for the Administration which it has \u201clong raised with Romania.\u201d<\/i> U.S. Embassy officials had also met with Attila Mark\u00f3 and attended his June 27, 2013 Romanian Supreme Court hearing as official observers. \u201cWe will continue to advocate for a sound judicial decision based on the rule of law,\u201d<\/i> affirmed the letter.<\/p>\n

Though the State Department stated that \u201cRomanian authorities have assured us they are open to our suggestions and those of various stakeholders for amending and improving restitution legislation,\u201d<\/i> curiously, the Romanian government not only failed to amend or eliminate the retrograde law No. 165 it had adopted on April 17, 2013, but also continued its prosecution of the Hungarian Reformed Church and the three Special Committee members, hiding behind the alleged independence of the judiciary.<\/p>\n

Already in 2005 , under the co-sponsorship of Congressmen Tom Lantos<\/b> and Tom Tancredo<\/b> the U.S. Congress had sent a strong message to Romania when it unanimously adopted H.Res 191<\/a> on the need to accelerate restitution and remedy the gross injustice suffered by the Jewish community, the four historic Hungarian churches, and the Greek Catholic Church. The resolution\u2014wholly ignored to this day\u2014set forth seven specific actions the Romanian authorities needed to urgently take.<\/p>\n

* * *<\/b><\/div>\n

Since all legal recourse has been exhausted in Romania for the Hungarian Reformed Church and the three defendants, their only hope for fair decision rests in the European Court of Human Rights. However, due to the Strasbourg tribunal\u2019s crowded agenda, it might take years until the case is even heard, and justice (further) delayed is justice (continually) denied.
\nThe Romanian authorities are responsible for this injustice. HHRF calls on them to immediately restore legal title of the Sz\u00e9kely Mik\u00f3 High School to the Hungarian Reformed Church by government ordinance and exonerate Attila Mark\u00f3, Tam\u00e1s Maros\u00e1n, and Silviu Clim of all charges. The authorities must further ensure that legal decisions heretofore restoring title and use of properties rightfully belonging to the four historic Hungarian churches are not reversed. The Romanian government must remove all obstacles to fully restoring title to and use of the remaining 5,168 properties, including amending laws as necessary, in consultation with the stakeholders.<\/b><\/i><\/p>\n

Source:\u00a0hhrf.org<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ignoring Decades of U.S. Congressional and Administration Appeals for \u201cEquitable, Prompt, and Fair\u201d Restitution\u00a0Romania Re-Confiscates Hungarian Minority School, Persecutes Ethnic Hungarian Official on Fabricated Charges<\/h3>\n

In a scandalous disregard for the rule of law, as well as religious and minority rights, on November 26, a Romanian appellate court re-nationalized a Hungarian denominational high school in Sepsiszentgy\u00f6rgy (Sf\u00e2ntu Gheorghe) built by the Hungarian Reformed Church in 1873 and confiscated in 1948 by the communist regime. Concurrently, the same Ploiesti Court of Appeals upheld three-year, suspended prison sentences for Attila Mark\u00f3<\/b>, Tam\u00e1s Maros\u00e1n<\/b> and Silviu Clim<\/b> for their 2002 lawful decision, in their official capacity as members of the Special Committee on Church Property Restitution, to restore this property to the aforementioned rightful owner.<\/p>\n

\"Miko_kollegium\"<\/a><\/p>\n

In this last of 25 postponements and show trials<\/a> begun in 2010, the Romanian court has now imposed the final ruling<\/a> that the Hungarian Reformed Church \u2014 which undisputedly established the school in 1859 \u2014 has no legal right to its property, never owned the property, and must hand the building complex \u2014 for which it incidentally spent $700,000 on restoration \u2014 over to \u201cthe people,\u201d i.e., the state. The ruling only suspends the three officials\u2019 prison sentences for their alleged offenses, which remain on their criminal records. At the same time, under the ruling, the state will magnanimously \u201cforgive\u201d the Church a fine of $322,000 for\u201cillegally using the building during the last 12 years since restitution.\u201d<\/i><\/p>\n

The state actions, occurring on the heels of the Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania resignation <\/a>from the governing coalition lead by Prime Minister Victor Ponta<\/b>, have provoked wide-spread protest and universal condemnation by all segments of Romania\u2019s 1.4 million strong Hungarian community. Exhausting all appeals, there is no remaining domestic legal recourse, only international pressure, for the Church and the three individual victims. Bishop B\u00e9la Kat\u00f3<\/b> of the Hungarian Reformed Church told HHRF that, as \u201cRomania is not governed by the rule of law,\u201d<\/i> he is ready to take the matter to the European Court of Human Rights, although the outcome is highly dubious.<\/p>\n

Four Years of Harassment and Persecution<\/b><\/p>\n

The latest chapter in the 66 years of miscarriage of justice this school has suffered began on De-cember 22, 2010, when Attila Mark\u00f3, Tam\u00e1s Maros\u00e1n and Silviu Clim were charged by the Romanian Anti-Corruption Prosecutor with \u201cofficial abuse of power\u201d<\/i>and \u201cdamaging the interests of the Romanian State\u201d<\/i> for their 2002 decision to restore the property to its rightful owner. Consequently, the Hungarian Reformed Church faced losing the school and was also fined 1.1 million lei in damages.<\/p>\n

In deciding to prosecute, and during the subsequent trials, the state deliberately ignored documentary evidence submitted by the defendants and the Church that irrefutably substantiated the rightful owner\u2019s claim of original ownership and should have cleared the Special Committee members of any wrongdoing. The legitimate question arises: Why?<\/p>\n

The True Crime: In 25 Years, Less than 1\/3 of Church Properties Have Been Restored<\/b><\/p>\n

By processing, let alone actually returning use of, a mere one-third (2,400 of 7,568<\/a>) of all religious property claims in the past 25 years<\/b>, it is the Romanian government that has committed gross negligence and exhibited systemic contempt for private property, the freedom of religion, civil society and, in particular, minority communities. The cost for the entire country has been incalculable as successive Romanian governments have impeded the country\u2019s full democratization by delaying and obstructing the restitution process with impunity, all so that the state could retain these properties as long as possible.<\/p>\n

The failure to nominally return to the four historic Hungarian churches (Roman Catholic, Hungarian Reformed, Lutheran and Unitarian) only 1,204 of their 2,140<\/a> schools, hospitals, orphanages and other humanitarian institutions confiscated between 1945 and 1989 has directly and irrevocably damaged the 1.4 million-strong minority, the country\u2019s largest. For an entire generation <\/i>, these Churches have been unable to fully carry out their charitable missions, serve their communities, and provide the traditional pillars of civic society they maintained for centuries.<\/p>\n

To deflect attention away from this ongoing travesty of justice, the Romanian state has not refrained from turning the victim into the violator: burdening the innocent with criminal records because they faithfully carried out the law, and branding the Hungarian Reformed Church a liar and thief for submitting \u201cfalse restitution claims.\u201d<\/p>\n

Will the Romanian Authorities File Suit against Each Restitution Decision?<\/b><\/p>\n

Bishop B\u00e9la Kat\u00f3\u2019s prophetic words back in December 2010 that\u201cthe lawsuit may give birth to a dangerous legal precedent, leading to other instances of re-nationalization of already restituted church properties,\u201d <\/i>is poised to become a reality. A legal precedent has been set by the November 26 ruling which was predicated on the State Prosecutor\u2019s false allegation that the Sz\u00e9kely Mik\u00f3 High School was somehow a separate legal entity because in the 1870s the local Protestant congregation made small donations to its construction, with the significant costs of construction born by Tran-sylvania\u2019s Governor at the time, the Hungarian Imre Mik\u00f3. The institution was given legal title under the protectorate of the Hungarian Reformed Church, a centuries-old tradition even at the time. Since the same legal procedures were followed in other localities to establish schools, the state will presumably not stop at attacking only one restitution decision but will seek to renationalize other buildings it has already restored to all the denominations.<\/p>\n

This is provided that the restitution process limps forward at all. From 2010 until July 2013, the Special Committee \u2013 composed of five newer members \u2013 failed to even convene to process claims. Since then, it meets about quarterly, provided a quorum of four is present. As dismal a record as this is, now, with the unjustified criminal sentencing of former members, can they be expected to make any decisions at all without fear of retribution?<\/p>\n

Ignoring Decades of U.S. Congressional and Administration Appeals for \u201cEquitable, Prompt, and Fair\u201d Restitution<\/b><\/p>\n

On May 22, 2014, eight Members of Congress sent a follow-up letter<\/a> to Secretary of State John Kerry, asking that the State Department continue to \u201ccarefully follow developments in the cases regarding ownership of the Sz\u00e9kely Mik\u00f3 Reformed School and the legal proceedings against Attila Mark\u00f3, Tam\u00e1s Maros\u00e1n and Silviu Clim.\u201d<\/i> In a prior, June 13, 2013 bipartisan letter<\/a>, 21 Members had requested that, among others, Mr. Kerry \u201cvigorously engage the Romanian government to end the travesty of justice it has perpetuated by fully restituting properties illegally confiscated,\u201d \u201cprotest the latest church property restitution law\u201d<\/i>which was a regression even compared to the flawed 2002 one, and to carefully follow the case of the Sz\u00e9kely Mik\u00f3 High School.<\/p>\n

The State Department\u2019s response<\/a> of July 9, 2013 underscored that property restitution in Romania is a \u201ckey priority\u201d<\/b><\/i> for the Administration which it has \u201clong raised with Romania.\u201d<\/i> U.S. Embassy officials had also met with Attila Mark\u00f3 and attended his June 27, 2013 Romanian Supreme Court hearing as official observers. \u201cWe will continue to advocate for a sound judicial decision based on the rule of law,\u201d<\/i> affirmed the letter.<\/p>\n

Though the State Department stated that \u201cRomanian authorities have assured us they are open to our suggestions and those of various stakeholders for amending and improving restitution legislation,\u201d<\/i> curiously, the Romanian government not only failed to amend or eliminate the retrograde law No. 165 it had adopted on April 17, 2013, but also continued its prosecution of the Hungarian Reformed Church and the three Special Committee members, hiding behind the alleged independence of the judiciary.<\/p>\n

Already in 2005 , under the co-sponsorship of Congressmen Tom Lantos<\/b> and Tom Tancredo<\/b> the U.S. Congress had sent a strong message to Romania when it unanimously adopted H.Res 191<\/a> on the need to accelerate restitution and remedy the gross injustice suffered by the Jewish community, the four historic Hungarian churches, and the Greek Catholic Church. The resolution\u2014wholly ignored to this day\u2014set forth seven specific actions the Romanian authorities needed to urgently take.<\/p>\n

* * *<\/b><\/div>\n

Since all legal recourse has been exhausted in Romania for the Hungarian Reformed Church and the three defendants, their only hope for fair decision rests in the European Court of Human Rights. However, due to the Strasbourg tribunal\u2019s crowded agenda, it might take years until the case is even heard, and justice (further) delayed is justice (continually) denied.
\nThe Romanian authorities are responsible for this injustice. HHRF calls on them to immediately restore legal title of the Sz\u00e9kely Mik\u00f3 High School to the Hungarian Reformed Church by government ordinance and exonerate Attila Mark\u00f3, Tam\u00e1s Maros\u00e1n, and Silviu Clim of all charges. The authorities must further ensure that legal decisions heretofore restoring title and use of properties rightfully belonging to the four historic Hungarian churches are not reversed. The Romanian government must remove all obstacles to fully restoring title to and use of the remaining 5,168 properties, including amending laws as necessary, in consultation with the stakeholders.<\/b><\/i><\/p>\n

Source:\u00a0hhrf.org<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":14076,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[166],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14322","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-news"],"yoast_head":"\nRomania Re-Confiscates Hungarian Minority School, Persecutes Ethnic Hungarian Official on Fabricated Charges – Bocskai R\u00e1di\u00f3<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bocskairadio.org\/en\/romania-re-confiscates-hungarian-minority-school-persecutes-ethnic-hungarian-official-fabricated-charges\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Romania Re-Confiscates Hungarian Minority School, Persecutes Ethnic Hungarian Official on Fabricated Charges – Bocskai R\u00e1di\u00f3\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ignoring Decades of U.S. Congressional and Administration Appeals for \u201cEquitable, Prompt, and Fair\u201d Restitution\u00a0Romania Re-Confiscates Hungarian Minority School, Persecutes Ethnic Hungarian Official on Fabricated Charges In a scandalous disregard for the rule of law, as well as religious and minority rights, on November 26, a Romanian appellate court re-nationalized a Hungarian denominational high school in Sepsiszentgy\u00f6rgy (Sf\u00e2ntu Gheorghe) built by the Hungarian Reformed Church in 1873 and confiscated in 1948 by the communist regime. Concurrently, the same Ploiesti Court of Appeals upheld three-year, suspended prison sentences for Attila Mark\u00f3, Tam\u00e1s Maros\u00e1n and Silviu Clim for their 2002 lawful decision, in their official capacity as members of the Special Committee on Church Property Restitution, to restore this property to the aforementioned rightful owner. In this last of 25 postponements and show trials begun in 2010, the Romanian court has now imposed the final ruling that the Hungarian Reformed Church \u2014 which undisputedly established the school in 1859 \u2014 has no legal right to its property, never owned the property, and must hand the building complex \u2014 for which it incidentally spent $700,000 on restoration \u2014 over to \u201cthe people,\u201d i.e., the state. The ruling only suspends the three officials\u2019 prison sentences for their alleged offenses, which remain on their criminal records. At the same time, under the ruling, the state will magnanimously \u201cforgive\u201d the Church a fine of $322,000 for\u201cillegally using the building during the last 12 years since restitution.\u201d The state actions, occurring on the heels of the Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania resignation from the governing coalition lead by Prime Minister Victor Ponta, have provoked wide-spread protest and universal condemnation by all segments of Romania\u2019s 1.4 million strong Hungarian community. Exhausting all appeals, there is no remaining domestic legal recourse, only international pressure, for the Church and the three individual victims. Bishop B\u00e9la Kat\u00f3 of the Hungarian Reformed Church told HHRF that, as \u201cRomania is not governed by the rule of law,\u201d he is ready to take the matter to the European Court of Human Rights, although the outcome is highly dubious. Four Years of Harassment and Persecution The latest chapter in the 66 years of miscarriage of justice this school has suffered began on De-cember 22, 2010, when Attila Mark\u00f3, Tam\u00e1s Maros\u00e1n and Silviu Clim were charged by the Romanian Anti-Corruption Prosecutor with \u201cofficial abuse of power\u201dand \u201cdamaging the interests of the Romanian State\u201d for their 2002 decision to restore the property to its rightful owner. Consequently, the Hungarian Reformed Church faced losing the school and was also fined 1.1 million lei in damages. In deciding to prosecute, and during the subsequent trials, the state deliberately ignored documentary evidence submitted by the defendants and the Church that irrefutably substantiated the rightful owner\u2019s claim of original ownership and should have cleared the Special Committee members of any wrongdoing. The legitimate question arises: Why? The True Crime: In 25 Years, Less than 1\/3 of Church Properties Have Been Restored By processing, let alone actually returning use of, a mere one-third (2,400 of 7,568) of all religious property claims in the past 25 years, it is the Romanian government that has committed gross negligence and exhibited systemic contempt for private property, the freedom of religion, civil society and, in particular, minority communities. The cost for the entire country has been incalculable as successive Romanian governments have impeded the country\u2019s full democratization by delaying and obstructing the restitution process with impunity, all so that the state could retain these properties as long as possible. The failure to nominally return to the four historic Hungarian churches (Roman Catholic, Hungarian Reformed, Lutheran and Unitarian) only 1,204 of their 2,140 schools, hospitals, orphanages and other humanitarian institutions confiscated between 1945 and 1989 has directly and irrevocably damaged the 1.4 million-strong minority, the country\u2019s largest. For an entire generation , these Churches have been unable to fully carry out their charitable missions, serve their communities, and provide the traditional pillars of civic society they maintained for centuries. To deflect attention away from this ongoing travesty of justice, the Romanian state has not refrained from turning the victim into the violator: burdening the innocent with criminal records because they faithfully carried out the law, and branding the Hungarian Reformed Church a liar and thief for submitting \u201cfalse restitution claims.\u201d Will the Romanian Authorities File Suit against Each Restitution Decision? Bishop B\u00e9la Kat\u00f3\u2019s prophetic words back in December 2010 that\u201cthe lawsuit may give birth to a dangerous legal precedent, leading to other instances of re-nationalization of already restituted church properties,\u201d is poised to become a reality. A legal precedent has been set by the November 26 ruling which was predicated on the State Prosecutor\u2019s false allegation that the Sz\u00e9kely Mik\u00f3 High School was somehow a separate legal entity because in the 1870s the local Protestant congregation made small donations to its construction, with the significant costs of construction born by Tran-sylvania\u2019s Governor at the time, the Hungarian Imre Mik\u00f3. The institution was given legal title under the protectorate of the Hungarian Reformed Church, a centuries-old tradition even at the time. Since the same legal procedures were followed in other localities to establish schools, the state will presumably not stop at attacking only one restitution decision but will seek to renationalize other buildings it has already restored to all the denominations. This is provided that the restitution process limps forward at all. From 2010 until July 2013, the Special Committee \u2013 composed of five newer members \u2013 failed to even convene to process claims. Since then, it meets about quarterly, provided a quorum of four is present. As dismal a record as this is, now, with the unjustified criminal sentencing of former members, can they be expected to make any decisions at all without fear of retribution? Ignoring Decades of U.S. Congressional and Administration Appeals for \u201cEquitable, Prompt, and Fair\u201d Restitution On May 22, 2014, eight Members of Congress sent a follow-up letter to Secretary of State John Kerry, asking that the State Department continue to \u201ccarefully follow developments in the cases regarding ownership of the Sz\u00e9kely Mik\u00f3 Reformed School and the legal proceedings against Attila Mark\u00f3, Tam\u00e1s Maros\u00e1n and Silviu Clim.\u201d In a prior, June 13, 2013 bipartisan letter, 21 Members had requested that, among others, Mr. Kerry \u201cvigorously engage the Romanian government to end the travesty of justice it has perpetuated by fully restituting properties illegally confiscated,\u201d \u201cprotest the latest church property restitution law\u201dwhich was a regression even compared to the flawed 2002 one, and to carefully follow the case of the Sz\u00e9kely Mik\u00f3 High School. The State Department\u2019s response of July 9, 2013 underscored that property restitution in Romania is a \u201ckey priority\u201d for the Administration which it has \u201clong raised with Romania.\u201d U.S. Embassy officials had also met with Attila Mark\u00f3 and attended his June 27, 2013 Romanian Supreme Court hearing as official observers. \u201cWe will continue to advocate for a sound judicial decision based on the rule of law,\u201d affirmed the letter. Though the State Department stated that \u201cRomanian authorities have assured us they are open to our suggestions and those of various stakeholders for amending and improving restitution legislation,\u201d curiously, the Romanian government not only failed to amend or eliminate the retrograde law No. 165 it had adopted on April 17, 2013, but also continued its prosecution of the Hungarian Reformed Church and the three Special Committee members, hiding behind the alleged independence of the judiciary. Already in 2005 , under the co-sponsorship of Congressmen Tom Lantos and Tom Tancredo the U.S. Congress had sent a strong message to Romania when it unanimously adopted H.Res 191 on the need to accelerate restitution and remedy the gross injustice suffered by the Jewish community, the four historic Hungarian churches, and the Greek Catholic Church. The resolution\u2014wholly ignored to this day\u2014set forth seven specific actions the Romanian authorities needed to urgently take. * * * Since all legal recourse has been exhausted in Romania for the Hungarian Reformed Church and the three defendants, their only hope for fair decision rests in the European Court of Human Rights. However, due to the Strasbourg tribunal\u2019s crowded agenda, it might take years until the case is even heard, and justice (further) delayed is justice (continually) denied. The Romanian authorities are responsible for this injustice. HHRF calls on them to immediately restore legal title of the Sz\u00e9kely Mik\u00f3 High School to the Hungarian Reformed Church by government ordinance and exonerate Attila Mark\u00f3, Tam\u00e1s Maros\u00e1n, and Silviu Clim of all charges. The authorities must further ensure that legal decisions heretofore restoring title and use of properties rightfully belonging to the four historic Hungarian churches are not reversed. The Romanian government must remove all obstacles to fully restoring title to and use of the remaining 5,168 properties, including amending laws as necessary, in consultation with the stakeholders. 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Concurrently, the same Ploiesti Court of Appeals upheld three-year, suspended prison sentences for Attila Mark\u00f3, Tam\u00e1s Maros\u00e1n and Silviu Clim for their 2002 lawful decision, in their official capacity as members of the Special Committee on Church Property Restitution, to restore this property to the aforementioned rightful owner. In this last of 25 postponements and show trials begun in 2010, the Romanian court has now imposed the final ruling that the Hungarian Reformed Church \u2014 which undisputedly established the school in 1859 \u2014 has no legal right to its property, never owned the property, and must hand the building complex \u2014 for which it incidentally spent $700,000 on restoration \u2014 over to \u201cthe people,\u201d i.e., the state. The ruling only suspends the three officials\u2019 prison sentences for their alleged offenses, which remain on their criminal records. At the same time, under the ruling, the state will magnanimously \u201cforgive\u201d the Church a fine of $322,000 for\u201cillegally using the building during the last 12 years since restitution.\u201d The state actions, occurring on the heels of the Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania resignation from the governing coalition lead by Prime Minister Victor Ponta, have provoked wide-spread protest and universal condemnation by all segments of Romania\u2019s 1.4 million strong Hungarian community. Exhausting all appeals, there is no remaining domestic legal recourse, only international pressure, for the Church and the three individual victims. Bishop B\u00e9la Kat\u00f3 of the Hungarian Reformed Church told HHRF that, as \u201cRomania is not governed by the rule of law,\u201d he is ready to take the matter to the European Court of Human Rights, although the outcome is highly dubious. Four Years of Harassment and Persecution The latest chapter in the 66 years of miscarriage of justice this school has suffered began on De-cember 22, 2010, when Attila Mark\u00f3, Tam\u00e1s Maros\u00e1n and Silviu Clim were charged by the Romanian Anti-Corruption Prosecutor with \u201cofficial abuse of power\u201dand \u201cdamaging the interests of the Romanian State\u201d for their 2002 decision to restore the property to its rightful owner. Consequently, the Hungarian Reformed Church faced losing the school and was also fined 1.1 million lei in damages. In deciding to prosecute, and during the subsequent trials, the state deliberately ignored documentary evidence submitted by the defendants and the Church that irrefutably substantiated the rightful owner\u2019s claim of original ownership and should have cleared the Special Committee members of any wrongdoing. The legitimate question arises: Why? The True Crime: In 25 Years, Less than 1\/3 of Church Properties Have Been Restored By processing, let alone actually returning use of, a mere one-third (2,400 of 7,568) of all religious property claims in the past 25 years, it is the Romanian government that has committed gross negligence and exhibited systemic contempt for private property, the freedom of religion, civil society and, in particular, minority communities. The cost for the entire country has been incalculable as successive Romanian governments have impeded the country\u2019s full democratization by delaying and obstructing the restitution process with impunity, all so that the state could retain these properties as long as possible. The failure to nominally return to the four historic Hungarian churches (Roman Catholic, Hungarian Reformed, Lutheran and Unitarian) only 1,204 of their 2,140 schools, hospitals, orphanages and other humanitarian institutions confiscated between 1945 and 1989 has directly and irrevocably damaged the 1.4 million-strong minority, the country\u2019s largest. For an entire generation , these Churches have been unable to fully carry out their charitable missions, serve their communities, and provide the traditional pillars of civic society they maintained for centuries. To deflect attention away from this ongoing travesty of justice, the Romanian state has not refrained from turning the victim into the violator: burdening the innocent with criminal records because they faithfully carried out the law, and branding the Hungarian Reformed Church a liar and thief for submitting \u201cfalse restitution claims.\u201d Will the Romanian Authorities File Suit against Each Restitution Decision? Bishop B\u00e9la Kat\u00f3\u2019s prophetic words back in December 2010 that\u201cthe lawsuit may give birth to a dangerous legal precedent, leading to other instances of re-nationalization of already restituted church properties,\u201d is poised to become a reality. A legal precedent has been set by the November 26 ruling which was predicated on the State Prosecutor\u2019s false allegation that the Sz\u00e9kely Mik\u00f3 High School was somehow a separate legal entity because in the 1870s the local Protestant congregation made small donations to its construction, with the significant costs of construction born by Tran-sylvania\u2019s Governor at the time, the Hungarian Imre Mik\u00f3. The institution was given legal title under the protectorate of the Hungarian Reformed Church, a centuries-old tradition even at the time. Since the same legal procedures were followed in other localities to establish schools, the state will presumably not stop at attacking only one restitution decision but will seek to renationalize other buildings it has already restored to all the denominations. This is provided that the restitution process limps forward at all. From 2010 until July 2013, the Special Committee \u2013 composed of five newer members \u2013 failed to even convene to process claims. Since then, it meets about quarterly, provided a quorum of four is present. As dismal a record as this is, now, with the unjustified criminal sentencing of former members, can they be expected to make any decisions at all without fear of retribution? Ignoring Decades of U.S. Congressional and Administration Appeals for \u201cEquitable, Prompt, and Fair\u201d Restitution On May 22, 2014, eight Members of Congress sent a follow-up letter to Secretary of State John Kerry, asking that the State Department continue to \u201ccarefully follow developments in the cases regarding ownership of the Sz\u00e9kely Mik\u00f3 Reformed School and the legal proceedings against Attila Mark\u00f3, Tam\u00e1s Maros\u00e1n and Silviu Clim.\u201d In a prior, June 13, 2013 bipartisan letter, 21 Members had requested that, among others, Mr. Kerry \u201cvigorously engage the Romanian government to end the travesty of justice it has perpetuated by fully restituting properties illegally confiscated,\u201d \u201cprotest the latest church property restitution law\u201dwhich was a regression even compared to the flawed 2002 one, and to carefully follow the case of the Sz\u00e9kely Mik\u00f3 High School. The State Department\u2019s response of July 9, 2013 underscored that property restitution in Romania is a \u201ckey priority\u201d for the Administration which it has \u201clong raised with Romania.\u201d U.S. Embassy officials had also met with Attila Mark\u00f3 and attended his June 27, 2013 Romanian Supreme Court hearing as official observers. \u201cWe will continue to advocate for a sound judicial decision based on the rule of law,\u201d affirmed the letter. Though the State Department stated that \u201cRomanian authorities have assured us they are open to our suggestions and those of various stakeholders for amending and improving restitution legislation,\u201d curiously, the Romanian government not only failed to amend or eliminate the retrograde law No. 165 it had adopted on April 17, 2013, but also continued its prosecution of the Hungarian Reformed Church and the three Special Committee members, hiding behind the alleged independence of the judiciary. Already in 2005 , under the co-sponsorship of Congressmen Tom Lantos and Tom Tancredo the U.S. Congress had sent a strong message to Romania when it unanimously adopted H.Res 191 on the need to accelerate restitution and remedy the gross injustice suffered by the Jewish community, the four historic Hungarian churches, and the Greek Catholic Church. The resolution\u2014wholly ignored to this day\u2014set forth seven specific actions the Romanian authorities needed to urgently take. * * * Since all legal recourse has been exhausted in Romania for the Hungarian Reformed Church and the three defendants, their only hope for fair decision rests in the European Court of Human Rights. However, due to the Strasbourg tribunal\u2019s crowded agenda, it might take years until the case is even heard, and justice (further) delayed is justice (continually) denied. The Romanian authorities are responsible for this injustice. HHRF calls on them to immediately restore legal title of the Sz\u00e9kely Mik\u00f3 High School to the Hungarian Reformed Church by government ordinance and exonerate Attila Mark\u00f3, Tam\u00e1s Maros\u00e1n, and Silviu Clim of all charges. The authorities must further ensure that legal decisions heretofore restoring title and use of properties rightfully belonging to the four historic Hungarian churches are not reversed. The Romanian government must remove all obstacles to fully restoring title to and use of the remaining 5,168 properties, including amending laws as necessary, in consultation with the stakeholders. 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